Often the same small telcos say they are also being underpaid for terminating calls from wireless carriers—a topic that has received less attention, perhaps because it is even less well understood.
Some of the biggest concerns involve the trunks groups that connect small telcos to tandem switches–typically operated by former regional Bell companies
Some non-traditional carriers, and some third-party carriers that terminate traffic for them, have established unconventional–some say devious–routing, signaling and numbering schemes